WIPO Begins Public Consultation Process on Artificial Intelligence and Intellectual Property Policy

WIPO启动关于人工智能和知识产权政策的公众磋商进程

The World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) today launched a public consultation process on artificial intelligence (AI) and intellectual property (IP) policy, inviting feedback on an issues paper designed to help define the most-pressing questions likely to face IP policy makers as AI increases in importance.

世界知识产权组织启动了关于人工智能和知识产权政策的公众磋商进程，就相关议题文件征求反馈意见。该文件旨在帮助界定知识产权政策制定者在人工智能日益重要的背景下可能面临的最紧迫问题。

Beginning December 13, 2019, WIPO published its issues paper with a call for comments from the widest-possible global audience. It is the latest step in WIPO’s response to the ongoing interaction of AI with the IP system, including the use of AI applications in IP administration.

2019年12月13日，WIPO发布其议题文件，并向尽可能广泛的全球受众呼吁对该文件提出评论意见。这是产权组织对人工智能与知识产权制度之间持续互动（包括在知识产权管理中使用人工智能应用程序）的最新回应。

Artificial intelligence (AI) is increasingly driving important developments in technology and business. It is being employed across a range of industries, from telecommunications to autonomous vehicles. Increasing stores of big data and advances in affordable high computing power are fueling AI’s growth. AI has a significant impact on the creation, production and distribution of economic and cultural goods and services. Since one of the main aims of the IP system is to stimulate innovation and creativity in the economic and cultural systems, AI intersects with IP in a number of ways.

人工智能日益推动技术和商业取得重大发展，并广泛应用于从电信到自动驾驶汽车等诸多行业。大数据存储日益增加以及可负担的高性能计算能力的发展正在推动人工智能的增长。人工智能对经济和文化产品及服务的创造、生产和流通具有重大影响。知识产权制度的主要目标之一就是激发经济和文化体系中的创新和创造力，因此人工智能在诸多方面与知识产权有所交叉。

 “Machine learning relies on information in the form of electronic data, which is also at the heart of intellectual property and innovation in a global digital economy. I invite everyone with an interest to assist us in formulating the questions that are confronting policy makers and to share with us their expertise in order to have a focused dialogue”, said WIPO Director General Francis Gurry.

WIPO总干事弗朗西斯·高锐表示，机器学习有赖于电子数据形式的信息，这同时也是全球数字经济中知识产权与创新的核心。请对此感兴趣的所有人协助我们拟定政策制定者面临的相关问题，并与我们分享他们的专业知识，以便有的放矢地开展对话。

Submissions on this new draft issues paper issued today are invited through February 14, 2020. Following the submission of comments, a revised issues paper will be prepared. All submissions will be posted on the WIPO website.

就今日新发布的这一议题文件草案，请于2020年2月14日之前提交评论意见。文件的修订稿将根据所提交的评论意见编拟。提交的全部评论意见都将在产权组织网站上发布。

Geneva

Source: https://www.wipo.int/pressroom/en/articles/2019/article_0017.html

Italy’s copyright body SIAE to use Algorand public blockchain

意大利著作权管理组织SIAE使用Algorand公司公共区块链技术

The Italian Society of Authors and Editors (SIAE) said it partnered with blockchain firm Algorand to develop a copyright management platform.

意大利作家与编辑学会（SIAE）表示，它与区块链公司Algorand合作开发了一个版权管理平台。

SIAE is a 137-year-old organization and ranks sixth in the world for copyright collectives. The association issues copyright licenses, for example, if someone wants to use music in a video. The organization has been exploring blockchain and previously initiated a similar project in collaboration with the La Sapienza University of Rome and the startup Blockchain Core, which used Hyperledger technology.

SIAE是一家拥有137年历史的组织，在版权类团体组织中排名世界第六。该协会管理授权一系列版权许可，例如，如果有人想在视频中使用音乐（需获得相应的使用许可）。该组织一直在探索区块链技术应用，早前曾与罗马萨皮恩扎大学和初创公司Blockchain Core合作，发起一个使用Hyperledger（跨行业区块链开源协作）技术的类似项目。

Now, SIAE is working with Algorand to leverage the latter’s recent blockchain protocol upgrade. Artists and musicians will get a transparent view of their works being used by someone, and the platform will keep track of the royalties they would receive.

现在SIAE正与Algorand公司合作，充分利用Algorand公司最近的区块链协议升级平台以发挥最大优势。艺术家和音乐家（基于该平台）将获得对其作品被他人使用的透明度，同时平台会实时更新他们可能获得的版税数额。

“The world is evolving, but the founding mission of the Italian Society of Authors and Publishers, the protection of creativity, does not change,” said SIAE General Manager Gaetano Blandini. “Our collaboration with Algorand is part of a process already started and is aligned with research and innovation on a national and global scale.”

SIAE总经理Gaetano Blandini说：“世界在不断发展，但是SIAE致力于保护创造力的创立使命，并没有改变。此次与Algorand的合作是已经开始的进程的一部分，且与国家乃至全球范围内的研究与创新保持一致。”

Commenting on the partnership with SIAE, Silvio Micali, the founder of Algorand, said, “Collaboration between technology providers and forward-thinking organizations such as SIAE opens up vast opportunities for progression towards new economic models that promote inclusivity, transparency, and frictionless transactions.”

Algorand的创始人Silvio Micali在评论与SIAE的合作伙伴关系时说：“技术提供商与像SIAE这样具有远见的组织之间的合作，为发展新的经济模式提供了广阔的机会，这些新的经济模式将更有包容性、透明度和消除交易摩擦。”

Blockchain is being seen as the perfect match to protect intellectual property owing to its incorruptible structure. In copyright management, a blockchain network decentralizes the sharing of data based on mutual trust. It breaks down data siloes, which are easier to hack and modify. Thus, potentially, each piece of copyrighted work can be assigned unique identifiers, and royalty payments could be directly sent to the owner’s wallet without a third-party.

区块链具有的廉洁结构被视为保护知识产权的最佳选择。在版权管理中，区块链网络基于相互信任实现数据共享的去中心化。 它打破了数据孤岛，更易于破解和修改。 因此，可以潜在地为每件受版权保护的作品分配唯一的标识符，并且能将特许权使用费直接支付到版权所有者的钱包，而无需通过第三方介入。

Last year, Sony announced a blockchain rights management system for written works. It records the data, time and the identity of the creator. In China, Baidu has launched its PIC-CHAIN blockchain for image copyright protection. Alibaba, HTC and a few other firms have invested in Taiwan-based property rights startup Bitmark Inc, which is developing a blockchain network to address plagiarism. A few months ago, South Korea’s CJ OliveNetworks, the IT division of CJ Group, launched a blockchain digital copyrights system which focuses on musical works.

去年，索尼发布了一个针对文本作品的区块链版权管理系统。该系统记录了数据、时间以及创作者的身份。在中国，百度推出了PIC-CHAIN区块链用于保护图像版权。阿里巴巴、宏达电（HTC）和其他一些公司投资了台湾一家产权初创公司Bitmark Inc，该公司正在开发一个区块链网络用以解决抄袭问题。几个月前，韩国CJ 集团的IT部门CJ OliveNetworks则推出了专注于音乐作品的区块链数字版权系统。

Source: Ledger Insights

Colleges are working to protect patent, copyright on student innovations

（印度）高校正在努力保护学生创新的专利和版权

As innovation becomes core to the college experience, campuses are stepping up to safeguard the intellectual property rights (IPR) of their students. Whether it is a physical product, an image, or a piece of text, if a project is novel, a student can now apply for patents and copyright, with some campuses setting up dedicated IPR cells to offer legal counselling, streamline paperwork, and help students identify their own IP while respecting the IP of others. The copyright or patent is typically owned jointly by the student and the institute. The college is usually the applicant and the student, the inventor, so inventorship credits accrue to the student.

随着创新成为大学活动的核心地位，（印度）许多大学正在加紧保护学生的知识产权（IPR）。无论是实物产品，图像还是文本，如果一个项目是新颖的，学生现在都可以申请专利和版权，一些校园通过设立专门的知产部门为其提供法律咨询、简化文书工作和帮助学生在尊重他人知识产权的同时确定自己的知识产权。通常版权或专利权由学生和研究所共同享有。一般大学作为申请人，而学生是发明者，因此，发明人信用归于学生。

“IPR can provide security and monopoly privilege to the institute and the student to develop such ideas commercially,” says Chaitali Chinubhai, a research associate with the IPR cell of the National Institute of Design (NID), Ahmedabad.“IPR cells help students display their work and attract potential buyers of technology, ideas or products, and help in the commercialisation of a product,” says professor Pritam Deb, coordinator for the IPR Cell at Tezpur University.

印度艾哈迈达巴德国家设计研究院（NID）知产部门的研究人员Chaitali Chinubhai表示，知识产权可以为研究所和学生提供保障和垄断特权，使他们将好的想法进一步商业化。”印度提斯浦尔大学产权部门的协调员Pritam Deb教授说：“ 产权部门帮助学生展示他们的作品，吸引潜在的技术、思想或实物成品的购买者，并帮助实现产品商业化。”

In the absence of separate IPR laws for universities, campuses are drafting their own policies; keeping in view the objectives of the National IPR Policy adopted by the Government of India in 2016. One of the prerequisites for filing, according to the IPR law, is that a work should be novel, ie new, non-obvious and with tangible outcomes or utilities. The type of IPR is chosen depending on the type of product. For instance, if it’s a material product or a new process, it comes under patents. Aesthetic and design-based innovations as well as films and video come under the Indian Copyright Act of 1957.

在缺乏专门适用于学校的知识产权法律的情况下，许多学校正在拟定自己的政策，确保与印度政府于2016年通过并实行的国家知识产权法律政策目标相一致。根据该知识产权法规，提交申请的前提条件之一是作品具有独创性即新颖性，非显而易见的，并具有明确成果或效用。知识产权的类型取决于产品的种类。例如，如果是材料产品或新工艺，则受专利保护。基于审美和设计上的创新，以及电影和视频则由1957年的《印度版权法》保护。

Rubiya Khursheed, 27, a research student at LPU, for instance, has filed for a patent for her project under the international Patent Corporation Treaty (PCT), with her filing currently under review. PCT is an international treaty that could protect her innovation for the treatment of Type 2 diabetes using a curcumin formulation, across 145 countries. Her university provides support for patent searching, drafting and filing. Seed money is also provided for developing prototypes and validating research.

现年27岁的卢普亚·库尔希德（Rubiya Khursheed）是LPU的一名研究生，她已根据国际专利合作条约（PCT）为她的项目申请了专利，目前她的申请正在审查中。 PCT是一项国际条约，可以为她使用姜黄素制剂治疗2型糖尿病的创新疗法在145个国家中受到产权保护。她所在的大学在专利检索、起草和申请方面提供支持，此外还提供种子资金用于开发原型和研究验证。

Securing intellectual property rights is not an easy process, though. “Some patents are registered within a month of application, many others take up to four months, depending on the queries between the student, attorney, patent officer and faculty member,” says Jitendra Kumar Pandey, associate dean, research and development, at the University of Petroleum and Energy Studies (UPES), Dehradun. “The final granting of a patent can take years.”

但是，知识产权保护并非易事。 “根据学生、律师、专利官员和教职员工之间的问询时间，一些专利在申请后的一个月内就会注册，其他许多专利则可能需要四个月的时间，” 印度德拉敦石油和能源研究大学（UPES）研发部副主任Jitendra Kumar Pandey说，“最终授予专利可能需要花上数年时间。”

Typically, universities also pay renewal fees for half the 20-year life of a patent. In cases where students leave the campus, or move out of the country, the college carries out the rest of the patent registration process with the help of an authority letter from the student. The cost of applying for a patent typically ranges from Rs 4,000 to Rs 9,000.

通常，大学会为20年的专利保护期支付一半的续展费。如果学生离开校园或出国，学院将在学生的授权书下完成余后的专利注册过程。申请专利的费用通常在4,000卢比至9,000卢比之间。

Source：www.hindustantimes.com