Apple accused of using copyright law to harm security industry

苹果公司被指控利用版权法损害安全产业

Back in August, Apple filed a lawsuit against Corellium, a virtualization company that allows developers and researchers to use virtualized instances of iOS in a web browser. Apple accused Corellium of copyright infringement for illegally replicating the iOS operating system and its applications.

早在今年8月，苹果就对Corellium公司提起诉讼，称这家公司允许开发者和研究人员在网络浏览器中使用虚拟的iOS实体。苹果指控Corellium非法复制iOS操作系统及其应用程序，侵犯了其版权。

“Corellium serves up what it touts as a perfect digital facsimile of a broad range of Apple's market-leading devices–recreating with fastidious attention to detail not just the way the operating system and applications appear visually to bona fide purchasers, but also the underlying computer code. Corellium does so with no license or permission from Apple” reads the lawsuit.Corellium uses virtualization to help researchers identify security risks in software.

诉讼指出“Corellium提供了一系列苹果市场领先设备的完美复制品——不仅对操作系统和应用程序在消费者眼中的视觉效果进行了细致的再现，而且对潜在的计算机代码也进行了再现。Corellium这样做没有得到苹果的许可”。Corellium使用虚拟化技术帮助研究人员识别软件中的安全风险。

On October 29, Corellium responded saying that their use of Apple's code constitutes fair use and in fact supports the iOS ecosystem by making it easier for researchers to identify vulnerabilities. They also claimed that Apple owes them $300,000 for identified security bugs.

10月29日，Corellium回应称，他们对苹果代码的使用构成了合理使用，并通过让研究人员更容易识别漏洞，实际上支持了iOS系统。他们还声称，因发现安全漏洞苹果欠他们30万美元。

Daniel Cuthbert, head of cybersecurity research at Santander bank, said that his team used Corellium to test the bank’s apps on different iOS versions. “The real power and strength of Corellium is that it helps people write better apps by distributing and testing them in an automated fashion that doesn't depend on physical devices,” Cuthbert said. “Apple is hurting the business world more than they think.”

桑坦德银行(Santander bank)网络安全研究主管丹尼尔·卡斯伯特(Daniel Cuthbert)表示，他的团队使用Corellium在不同的iOS版本上测试了银行的应用程序。“Corellium的真正强大之处在于，它以不依赖于物理设备的自动化方式分配和测试应用程序，帮助人们编写更好的应用程序，”卡斯伯特说。“苹果对商界的伤害比他们想象的要大。”

On November 7, Corellium published a statement addressing the lawsuit. “This comes as a surprise to our team, given our long-standing relationship with Apple. Apple has been aware of our ground-breaking technology since the company was founded, and at any point in the past two years, Apple could have notified us of their concerns. We think Apple’s lawsuit is driven by its own business interests rather than a genuine belief that we violated any of its rights,” reads the statement.

11月7日，Corellium发表了一份针对这起诉讼的声明。“考虑到我们与苹果公司的长期合作关系，这对我们的团队来说是一个意外。自从公司成立以来，苹果公司就知道我们的突破性技术，在过去两年的任何时候，苹果公司都可以通知我们他们的担忧。我们认为苹果的诉讼是出于其自身的商业利益，而不是真正认为我们侵犯了它的任何权利。”

Critics argue that Apple is shutting down independent security research for profit motives. iOS developer Jamie Bishop tweeted about Apple's latest filing, arguing that it sets a dangerous precedent: “It effectively will set a precedent which makes unsanctioned research of Apple products ILLEGAL.

批评人士认为，苹果关闭独立的安全研究是出于盈利动机。iOS开发者杰米•毕晓普(Jamie Bishop)在twitter上发布了有关苹果最新诉讼的消息，他辩称，这树立了一个危险的先例:“它实际上将树立一个先例，使未经批准的对苹果产品的研究成为非法。”

Source: reclaimthenet.org

Author：Carl Sinclair

Department of Justice, United States Patent and Trademark Office, and National Institute of Standards and Technology Announce Joint Policy Statement on Remedies for Standard-Essential Patents

美国司法部、专利和商标局以及国家标准与技术研究所发布了关于标准必要专利救济政策的联合声明

The Justice Department, U.S. Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO), and National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) issued a joint policy Statement regarding the treatment of standard-essential patents (SEP) where the patent holder has agreed to license its patents on fair, reasonable, and non-discriminatory (F/RAND) terms.  This Statement replaces the 2013 policy statement on SEP remedies issued jointly by the Department of Justice and USPTO.

美国司法部,美国专利商标局(USPTO)和国家标准与技术研究院(NIST)发表了关于标准必要专利(SEP)条款政策的联合声明，专利权人同意许可专利适用于公平,合理,和非歧视性(F/RAND)条款。本声明取代司法部和USPTO2013年联合发布的SEP救济政策声明。

“Consistent with Article I, Section 8 of the U.S. Constitution, our patent system rewards inventors with an exclusive right to practice their inventions for a limited time,” said Assistant Attorney General Makan Delrahim of the Justice Department’s Antitrust Division.  “Today’s Policy Statement recognizes that when licensing negotiations fail, appropriate remedies for patent infringement, including injunctive relief, should be available to SEP holders.  The availability of the full range of remedies is necessary in order to preserve competition and incentives for innovation, and for continued participation in standards-setting activities, which can produce substantial benefits for American consumers.”

司法部反垄断部门的总检察长助理Makan Delrahim说:“根据美国宪法第1条第8款，我们的专利制度给予发明者在有限时间内实施其发明的排他权利。”“今天的政策声明认可，当授权谈判失败时，SEP持有人应获得适当的专利侵权救济，包括禁令救济。”为了保持竞争和鼓励创新，为了继续参与可以为美国消费者带来巨大利益的标准制定活动，有必要提供全面的补救措施。”

To this end, the Statement clarifies that a patent owner’s promise to license a patent on F/RAND terms is not a bar to obtaining any particular remedy, including injunctive relief.  The agencies make clear that no “special set of legal rules” apply to SEPs, and the courts, the U.S. International Trade Commission, and other decision makers are able to assess appropriate remedies based on current law and relevant facts.  According to the Statement, “The particular F/RAND commitment made by a patent owner, the [standard development organization’s] intellectual property policies, and the individual circumstances of licensing negotiations between patent owners and implementers all may be relevant in determining remedies for infringing a standards-essential patent, depending on the circumstances of each case.”

为此，声明澄清，专利所有人承诺按F/RAND条款许可专利并不妨碍获得任何特定救济，包括禁令救济。这些机构明确表示，没有“一套特别的法律规则”适用于SEPs，法院、美国国际贸易委员会(U.S. International Trade Commission)和其他决策者能够根据现行法律和相关事实评估适当的补救措施。根据声明,“根据个案情况，在决定标准必要专利侵权救济时，专利所有者做出的特定的F/RAND承诺,标准开发组织制定的知识产权政策,和专利持有者和实施者之间的许可谈判的情况，这些都可能成为相关的考虑因素。”

The Statement follows the Justice Department’s withdrawal from the 2013 SEP policy statement, which had been construed incorrectly as suggesting that special remedies applied to SEPs and that seeking an injunction or exclusion order could potentially harm competition.

此前，美国司法部撤回了2013年SEP政策声明。该声明被错误地解读为，该声明暗示，针对SEPs的特殊救济措施，以及寻求禁令或排除令可能会损害竞争。

Source：www.justice.gov

Singapore Joins Locarno Agreement as 58th Member

新加坡加入洛迦诺协定，成为第58个成员国

Singapore has joined the Locarno Agreement as the 58th member of the international classification system for industrial designs.WIPO Director General Francis Gurry on December 19, 2019, received Singapore’s instrument of accession to the Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs from the Permanent Representative of the Republic of Singapore to the World Trade Organization and World Intellectual Property Organization, Hung Seng Tan. The Locarno Agreement will enter into force in Singapore on March 19, 2020.

新加坡加入了《洛迦诺协定》，成为工业品外观设计国际分类体系的第58个成员。世界知识产权组织总干事 Francis Gurry 于2019年12月19日收到了新加坡常驻世界贸易组织和世界知识产权组织代表洪森丹提交的新加坡加入《洛迦诺协定》的文书，该协定确立了工业品外观设计国际分类。《洛迦诺协定》将于2020年3月19日在新加坡生效。

About the Locarno Agreement Establishing an International Classification for Industrial Designs

关于建立工业品外观设计国际分类洛迦诺协定

The Locarno Agreement establishes a classification for industrial designs (the Locarno Classification). Intellectual property offices indicate in official documents and publications relating to the deposit or registration of industrial designs the numbers of the classes and subclasses of the Classification into which the goods that constitute the industrial designs belong.

洛迦诺协议确立了工业品外观设计分类(洛迦诺分类)。知识产权局在与工业品外观设计的存放或注册有关的正式文件和出版物中，标明构成工业品外观设计的货物所属分类的类别和子类的编号。

The Locarno Classification comprises:

•A list of classes and subclasses;

•An alphabetical list of goods which constitute industrial designs, with an indication of the classes and subclasses into which they fall;

•Explanatory notes.

洛迦诺分类包括:

•类和子类的列表;

•构成工业品外观设计货物按字母顺序排列的清单，并标明其所属的类别和子类;

•注解。

Source:https://www.wipo.int/classifications/en/news/locarno/2019/news_0004.html